![]() ![]() The measure is age-standardized and thus commonly employed for international comparisons of population health. Conversely, if mortality declines, LE increases. If mortality increases in a population, LE declines. Period life expectancy (LE) is a summary measure of current population health. However, even in 2021, registered COVID-19 deaths continued to account for most life expectancy losses. In contrast to 2020, the age profile of excess mortality in 2021 was younger, with those in under-80 age groups contributing more to life expectancy losses. ![]() Life expectancy deficits during fall/winter 2021 among people ages 60+ and <60 were negatively correlated with measures of vaccination uptake across countries ( r 60+ = −0.86 two-tailed P < 0.001 95% confidence interval, −0.94 to −0.69 r <60 = −0.74 two-tailed P < 0.001 95% confidence interval, −0.88 to −0.46). While countries in western Europe experienced bounce backs from life expectancy losses of 2020, eastern Europe and the United States witnessed sustained and substantial life expectancy deficits. Our results show divergence in mortality impacts of the pandemic in 2021. We estimate life expectancy changes in 29 countries since 2020 (including most of Europe, the United States and Chile), attribute them to mortality changes by age group and compare them with historic life expectancy shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented rise in mortality that translated into life expectancy losses around the world, with only a few exceptions. ![]()
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